Matter is a shared language that lets devices work with Apple Home, Google Home, Alexa and SmartThings at the same time. It runs over Wi-Fi, Ethernet or Thread, a low-power mesh network that needs a Thread border router. Zigbee and Z-Wave are older mesh networks that need a compatible hub. For a new system, Matter devices on Thread or Wi-Fi give the most choice and local control.
Smart-home standards decide whether a device works with your phone, your voice assistant and your other devices. Pick the wrong one and you end up with a drawer of incompatible gadgets.
The standards at a glance
| Standard | What it is | Needs | Range and power |
|---|---|---|---|
| Matter | Shared application standard from the Connectivity Standards Alliance | A Matter controller (Apple, Google, Amazon, SmartThings, Home Assistant) | Depends on the network beneath it |
| Thread | Low-power IPv6 mesh network | A Thread border router | Mesh; battery devices last long |
| Wi-Fi | Your existing network | A router | Good range, higher power use |
| Zigbee | 2.4 GHz mesh network | A Zigbee hub or bridge | Mesh; low power |
| Z-Wave | Sub-gigahertz mesh network (908.42 MHz in the US) | A Z-Wave hub | Mesh; less Wi-Fi interference |
Why Matter matters
Before Matter, each device picked an ecosystem. Matter devices can join several at once (multi-admin), so one smart plug can show in Apple Home and Google Home. Check the device’s Matter certification in the Connectivity Standards Alliance product list, and check which device types your controller supports; not every Matter device type is supported by every platform yet.
Local or cloud
Local control means commands run across your home network. Matter, Zigbee, Z-Wave and Home Assistant setups can run locally, so basic controls may keep working through an internet outage when the controller and network stay powered. Remote access and cloud features still need internet. Many Wi-Fi-only devices rely on the maker’s cloud, so they can lose remote features if the service is unavailable.
Planning a system
- Pick your main controller first: the app you will actually use.
- Make sure you have a Thread border router if you plan to use Thread devices.
- Prefer Matter-certified devices for new purchases.
- Keep a hub that bridges your older Zigbee or Z-Wave devices.
Related: Smart Water Shutoff Valves.
Related: Smart Lock Buying Guide.
For the difference between a Matter controller and Thread border router, see which hub functions you need. Smart thermostats have their own wiring questions; see thermostat compatibility. Browse smart home.
Common questions
Is Matter a wireless network?
No. Matter is an application standard that runs on top of networks such as Wi-Fi, Ethernet and Thread.
Do I need a hub for Thread devices?
You need a Thread border router. Many smart speakers, displays and streaming boxes include one; check your device's specs.
Can Matter devices work without the internet?
Local Matter control can continue when your internet drops if the controller, device and home network stay powered and connected. Remote access and cloud features still need internet; see the Connectivity Standards Alliance's Matter FAQ.
Should I replace my Zigbee or Z-Wave devices?
Not if they work. Many hubs bridge Zigbee or Z-Wave devices into Matter, so you can mix old and new.